Saturday, March 7, 2009
Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century by Howard Gardner
Hi Antonia, Please write your respopnse(s) to various points raised by Howard Gardner in Chapters 1 through 5 of Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Ingelligences for the 21st Century. Look for the passage where he offers his original definition of "multiple intelligences" (from his earlier book Frames of Mind) and his current definition. See how he has changed his definition to focus on aptitudes that may or may not be realized by an individual. Please write one response on the definition of multiple intelligences and on how he has changed it.
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Howard Gardner defined intelligence in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences published in 1983, as being able to solve problems and create things that are beneficial to society. In this book he describes seven different intelligences. 1) Linguistic, which is being able to use both written and spoken language in a persuasive way to achieve goals. 2) Logical-mathematical, which is being good at mathematics and problem solving. Historically these first two intelligences are what are tested and evaluated in academic settings to establish a person's intelligence. Gardner outlined five more intelligences including 3) Musical intelligence, which is being good at music theory and composition. 4) Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, which is being good at using your body and motion in a specialized way, such as a dancer. 5) Spatial intelligence, which is being good at deciphering objects in space, managing space in both large and small areas and following directions. 6) Interpersonal intelligence, which is being good at reading and understanding other people and 7) Intrapersonal intelligence, which is being good at analyzing and knowing yourself. He thinks that these intelligences are independent of each other. A person can be strong in one or many of the intelligences and can be considered intelligent. A lack of being proficient in one or more intelligences does not make a person "stupid".
ReplyDeleteLater in his book, Intelligence Reframed, published in 1999, Gardner very slightly changes his ideas of viewing multiple intelligences. He now feels that multiple intelligences must be evaluated not just in what can be obviously seen but also in terms of potential. The potential would in part be determined by the needs and requirements of the culture or society. In Intelligence Reframed, Gardner adds another intelligence, the naturalist intelligence. This intelligence is being in tune and aware of your physical environment and natural surroundings. He proposed three other intelligences, spiritual, existential and moral. He came to the conclusion that these enhance the other intelligences but were not intelligences on their own. He believes them to be philosophical issues that have more to do with character and personality, which are part of intelligence.
(I do not know how to underline when I'm not using Word)